There are different types of industries in India.
1. Iron-Steel Industry:
The first iron-steel factory in the country was established as Bengal Iron Works (BIW) in 1874 AD at a place called Kulti (Asansol, West Bengal) on the banks of river Barakar. Later, when this company closed due to lack of funds, it was acquired by the Bengal Government and named it Barakar Iron Works. The first large-scale factory in the country was established in 1907 AD by Jamsetji Tata at a place called Sakchi in the valley of the Swarnarekha River in the then state of Bihar.
Iron-steel factory established before independence
1. Indian Iron and Steel Company: It was established in 1918 in the West It was built at a place called Hirapur (later called Burnpur) in the Damodar River valley of Bengal. Production started here from 1922 AD. Later, the plants located at Kulti, Burnpur and Hirapur were merged into it.
2. Mysore Iron and Steel Works: It was established in 1923 AD at a place called Bhadravati in Mysore State (present Karnataka), its current name is Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Company Limited (VISCL).
3. Steel Corporation of Bengal: It was established in 1937 AD in Burnpur (West Bengal). Later in 1953 AD it was merged into the Indian Iron and Steel Company.
Iron-steel factory established after independence
Factory established in the second five-year plan period (1956-61 AD)
1. Bhilai Steel Plant: It was established in 1955 AD in Mithai (Durg district, Chhattisgarh) of the then Madhya Pradesh with the help of the former Soviet Union. Its production started in 1959.
2. Hindustan Steamed Rourkela: It was established in 1959 with the help of West Germany at a place called Rourkela in Odisha.
3. Hindustan Steel Limited, Durgapur: It was established in 1956 AD. It was done with the help of Britain at a place called Durgapur in West Bengal. Its production started in 1962.
Factory established in the third five year plan period
Bokaro Steel Plant: It was established in 1964 AD at a place called Bokaro in the then state of Bihar (now Jharkhand) with the help of the former Soviet Union.
Factory established during the fourth five year plan period
1. Salem Steel Plant: Salem (Tamil Nadu).
2. Visakhapatnam Steel Plant: Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh).
3. Vijayanagara Steel Plant: Hospet Velari District (Karnataka).
Steel Authority of India (SAIL): On January 24, 1973, Steel Authority of India (SAIL) with a capital of Rs. 2,000 crores got Bhilai, Durgapur, Bokaro, Rourkela, Burnpur, Salem and Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Works as one. They were given the responsibility to operate together.
In the year 2014, India is the fourth largest steel producing country in the world after China, Japan and USA. India ranks first in the world in the production of sponge iron.
India’s first onshore steel plant was set up in Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh).
2. Aluminum Industry:
The first aluminum factory in India was established in 1937 by P. Bengal J near Asansol. Of. Was established in the city. In 1938 AD, four factories, Muri of the then Bihar state, Alwaye of Kerala, P. Established in Velur of Bengal and Hirakud of Odisha. Hindustan Aluminum Corporation (Hindalco) was established at a place called Korba in the then Madhya Pradesh. Madras Aluminum Company was established in Mettur, Tamil Nadu.
3. Cotton Textile Industry:
The first modern cotton textile mill was established in 1818 AD. An attempt was made at Fort Gloucester near Kolkata in 1917, but it was unsuccessful. The first successful modern cotton textile factory was opened by Cowasji Dawar in Bombay in 1854 AD, in which production started from 1856 AD. The highest concentration of cotton textile industry is in the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Other major states are-West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh. Mumbai is known as the cotton textile capital of India. Kanpur is called the Manchester of North India. Coimbatore is called the Manchester of South India. Ahmedabad is called Boston of India. Textile industry ranks second after agriculture in the Indian economy. This is the oldest industry of India. This is the largest organized and widespread industry in the country. This industry is the second largest employment providing sector in the country after agriculture. The contribution of textile industry in industrial production is 14%. This industry contributes 4% to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) and 11% to the country’s export earnings. (Source: India 2015) Textile industry is the second largest sector after agriculture in terms of providing employment.
4. Jute Industry:
India ranks first in the world in manufacturing goods from jute fibre, known as golden fibre. Its first factory was established in 1855 AD at a place called Rishra near Kolkata.Jute Corporation of India was established in 1971 AD to look after the import, export and internal market of jute. India produces 35% of the world’s jute goods and is the second largest exporter.
5. Sugar Industry:
The modern sugar industry in India began with the establishment of the first sugar mill in Bihar in 1903 AD.
6. Cement Industry:
For the first time in the world, cement was manufactured in modern form in 1824 AD at a place called Portland, Britain. The first modern cement manufacturing factory in India was set up in Madras in 1904, which was unsuccessful. After the Madras factory, Indian Cement Company Ltd. was established in the period 1912-13. A factory was established at a place called Porbandar in Gujarat, in which production started in 1914 AD.
8. Chemical Fertilizer Industry:
Historically, the first factory of super phosphate fertilizer in the country was established in 1906 AD at a place called Ranipet in Tamil Nadu. In 1944, an ammonia fertilizer factory was set up in the name of Mysore Chemicals and Fertilizers at a place called Balegula in Karnataka. In 1947 AD, the first factory of ammonium sulphate was opened at a place called Alwaye in Kerala. Indian Fertilizer Corporation was established in 1951 AD, under which Asia’s largest fertilizer plant was established in Sindri.
A India is completely dependent on imports for potash fertilizer.
Consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer is highest in India. The Government of India is promoting the use of neem coated urea in agriculture, because neem coating slows down the rate of dissolution of urea in the soil.
A In India, the first place in fertilizer consumption per hectare is of Punjab, and the second and third place are of Andhra Pradesh and Haryana respectively.
Coke based fertilizer units are located at Talcher (Orissa), Ramagundam (Andhra Pradesh) and Korba (Chhattisgarh). KRIBHCO’s gas based urea ammonia plant is in Hazira (Gujarat). Factories in Shahjahanpur and Jagdishpur of Uttar Pradesh are also gas based.
9. Shipbuilding Industry:
The first ship manufacturing factory in India was established in Visakhapatnam by Scindia Steam Navigation Company in 1941 AD. In 1952, it was acquired by the Government of India and named Hindustan Shipyard Visakhapatnam.
Other public sector units that manufacture ships- 1. Gardenreach Workshop Ltd.-Kolkata (West Bengal) 2. Goa Shipyard Ltd.-Goa 3. Maizgaon Post Ltd.-Mumbai (Maharashtra).
10. Aircraft manufacturing industry:
The first aircraft manufacturing factory in India was established in Bangalore in 1940 under the name of Hindustan Aircraft Company. Now it is called Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. Known as. Today, it has five units in Bangalore alone and one unit each in Koraput, Korwa, Nashik, Barrackpore, Lucknow, Hyderabad and Kanpur engaged in the manufacturing of aircraft.
11. Automobile Industry:
Automobile industry is known as development industry. – Major units related to this industry are Hindustan Motor (Kolkata), Premier Automobiles Ltd. (Mumbai), Ashok Leyland (Chennai), Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company Ltd. (Jamshedpur), Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. (Pune), Maruti Udyog Ltd. Gurgaon (Haryana), Sunrise Industries (Bangalore).
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